In A Nutshell Lab-grown human brain cells spontaneously organize into precise firing sequences without any sensory experience ...

PITTSBURGH--New research from Carnegie Mellon University's College of Engineering and the University of Pittsburgh reveals that motor cortical neurons optimally adjust how they encode movements in a ...

The cerebellum, a major part of the hindbrain in all vertebrates, is important for motor coordination, language acquisition, and regulating social and emotional behaviors. A study led by Dr. Roy ...

One of the most important functions of interneurons in the knee-jerk reflex is to mediate reciprocal inhibition. This process ensures that the contraction of the quadriceps muscle is accompanied by ...

Motor neurons are some of the largest cells in the human body. In particular, upper neurons—extending from the cerebral cortex to the brain stem or spinal cord—average 60μm in diameter. 3,4 These ...

For decades, scientists have known that motor proteins like kinesin-2 ferry vital cargo along microtubule "highways" inside cells. But how these molecular vehicles identify and bind to the right cargo ...

Pain is a protective mechanism, alerting us to danger by generating an unpleasant sensation. The warning message is carried to the spinal cord by specialized sensory neurons, which are intertwined ...

Central pattern generators (CPGs) are circuits that generate rhythmic motor outputs which govern rhythmic behaviors. CPG core rhythmic activity is based on intrinsic and synaptic properties but can be ...